Some people purchase loose gemstones for jewelry making, while others do so for investment purposes. Still others are looking for the perfect stone to have made into a piece of jewelry by a custom jeweler. Most gemstones are minerals, but some rocks such as lapis lazuli and organic materials like pearls or amber considered as such. Today, four stones are precious gems: diamond, emerald, ruby, and sapphire. Everything else falls under the category of semi-precious stones. When purchase loose gems, obviously should only deal with a reputable jeweler that trust, online or in person. Always get a certificate from the seller and be sure exactly what are purchasing. Diamonds are the only gems that have a universally accepted grading system based on the concept of the four C’s: color, cut, carat, and clarity. Clarity is determined by placing the diamond under 10X magnification. However, cut is most important for the value of a clear diamond, because without the proper cut, the diamond will not sparkle, as it should. Clarity and color are next in importance. All other gemstones grade on 20/20 vision with the naked eye. The quality of all colored gemstones, together with colored diamonds, is based on the clarity and brilliance of the stone’s color, which is further divided into three parts: *hue*, *saturation*, and *tone*. Hue refers to the stone’s color, which produced in the following spectral hues: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet, purple and pink. Purple and pink are spectral hues, as purple lies halfway between red and blue, and pink is really a lighter shade of red. Natural stones seldom have pure hues, so these are into primary, secondary, and sometimes tertiary hues. Saturation refers to the clarity of color, or the stone’s freedom from brown or grey hues.

Celebrity

A celebrity is a widely-recognized or famous person who commands a high degree of public and media attention. The word stems from the Latin verb "celebrere" but they may not become a celebrity unless public and mass media interest is piqued. There are degrees of celebrity status which vary based on an individual's region or field of notoriety. While someone might be a celebrity to some people, to others they may be completely unknown. A global celebrity on the other hand is someone who is known by most people or is a mainstream celebrity. Such celebrities are also known as either a household name or superstar. For example, Virgin Director Richard Branson was famous as a CEO, but he did not become a global celebrity until he attempted to circumnavigate the globe in a hot air balloon and generate publicity for himself. Another high profile categorisation of celebrity status is the A-list, based on the marketability of celebrities. Generally speaking, a celebrity is someone who seeks media attention and most frequently have extroverted personalities. The desire to be famous is implied by some to be a part of western culture and more specifically the American Dream as a measure of success. Celebrities that shy away from the public eye or keep a very seperate private life are called a reluctant celebrity. A notable example is Kurt Cobain. On the oher end of the spectrum, those that seek out publicity for themselves are often called a media tart whereas those that use their private life as a vehicle for enhanced celebrity status, sometimes desperately, are referred to as a media whore. Examples of this are fake or planned relationships, reality television appearances, celebrity nudity and in extreme cases, scandal or celebrity sex tape. There are a wide range of ways people can become celebrities, from their profession, appearances in the mass media, beauty or even by complete accident or infamy. Instent celebrity is the term that is used when someone becomes a celebrity in very short period of time. In some places, someone that somehow achieves a small amount of transient fame through hype or mass media, is stereotyped as a B-grade celebrity. Often the stereotype extends to someone that falls short of mainstream or persistent fame but seeks to extend or exploit it.